Views: 4 Author: 菌物健康 Publish Time: 2022-10-19 Origin: 张远腾, 李晓波. 牛樟芝化学成分及其药理作用研究[J]. 中草药, 2016, 47(6).
Antrodia cinnamomea T. T. Chang & W. N. Chou, also known as Antrodia cinnamomea, Antrodia cinnamomea, Antrodia cinnamomea, Antrodia cinnamomea, Blood Ganoderma lucidum, belongs to the Basidiomycota phylum Aphyllum spp. Antrodia camphorata grows in a harsh environment. It is only found in Taoyuan, Miaoli, Nantou, Kaohsiung and Pingtung in Taiwan in the deep mountains and dense forests with an altitude of 450~2000m. Antrodia cinnamomea has been used in the folk for 200 years. Taiwan aborigines believe that Antrodia cinnamomea has the functions of relieving alcohol, food poisoning, diarrhea and vomiting, and can treat liver disease and relieve symptoms of physical exhaustion. Because of its remarkable efficacy, small yield and high price, Antrodia cinnamomea is known as "the ruby in the forest". Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Antrodia cinnamomea has physiological activities such as anti-tumor, liver protection, immune regulation, blood pressure lowering, cholesterol lowering, and platelet aggregation inhibition. Since 1990, it has gradually become one of the most popular anti-cancer drugs and health care products in Taiwan. Today we mainly talk about the anti-tumor effect of Antrodia camphorata.
1. Antitumor effect and cytotoxicity
Triterpenes, polysaccharides, and maleic acid derivatives in Antrodia camphorata have anti-tumor effects, and their crude extracts are widely used in the treatment of tumors in Taiwanese folk. The anti-tumor effect of Antrodia camphorata is achieved through cytotoxicity, inhibition of cancer cell metastasis and inhibition of angiogenesis.
The crude extract of Antrodia camphorata has direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells such as liver cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, and pancreatic cancer. The 4-acetylantroquinonol B isolated from Antrodia camphorata was used on HepG2 hepatoma cells, and the cytotoxicity of the compound was found to be dose-dependent. Eight ergostane-type triterpenes, two lanostane triterpenes and lanosta-8,24-dien-3β,15α,21-triol isolated from Antrodia camphorata have cytotoxicity. The benzene derivatives in Antrodia camphorata can pass through Calcin-mediated cellular pathway induces apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B in hepatoma cells without affecting the proliferation of normal hepatocytes. The ethanol extract of Antrodia camphorata mycelium freeze-dried powder can inhibit the proliferation of head and neck cancer cells without causing obvious side effects in nude mice. Further research found that the active ingredient inducing apoptosis in head and neck cancer cells was antrodin C in the mycelium.
The anti-tumor activity of Antrodia camphorata and its active components may be achieved by regulating the expression of p53, p21, p27 tumor suppressor genes and cell cycle genes CDK2 and CDK4, resulting in an increase in G1 phase cells and a decrease in S phase cells. When exploring the early anti-cancer mechanism, it was found that Antrodia camphorata fruit body extract can reduce the mRNA expression of a series of oncogenes in liver cancer cells, down-regulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), mitogen-activated protein The kinase (MAPK) pathway amplifies the cell's own apoptotic signal.
2. Inhibit tumor cell metastasis and angiogenesis
Inhibit tumor cell metastasis
Studies have shown that antrodin C in Antrodia cinnamomea can inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and metastasis of breast cancer cells mediated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) through the Smad 2/3 and β-catenin signaling pathways. The glycoprotein antrodan in the mycelium of Antrodia camphorata inhibits the metastasis of lung cancer cells. Antrodia camphorata fruiting body ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the metastasis of liver cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).
Inhibit angiogenesis
Antrodia camphorata polysaccharide has anti-endothelial cell angiogenesis effect. Using CAM chorioallantoic transplantation, it was found that Antrodia camphorata polysaccharide with a relative molecular mass greater than 1×105 had the best effect on inhibiting angiogenesis. It has been reported that the anti-angiogenesis effect of sulfated polysaccharides in Antrodia camphorata is related to the degree of sulfation. In addition, when combined with the antitumor drug doxorubicin, Antrodia camphorata can significantly reduce the cardiotoxicity and hand-foot syndrome caused by doxorubicin. Methanol extract of Antrodia camphorata mycelium can induce phenotypic and functional differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell HL-60. Antrodia cinnamomea can also reduce radiation damage to immune cells and enhance the cytotoxic effect of radiation on cancer cells.
