Views: 1 Author: Ma Chuangui, Zhang Zhixiu, Xiao Bao, Zhong Yaoqiang. Publish Time: 2023-09-28 Origin: Research on the biological activity and application of Inonotus obliquus, Edible Fungi. 2022-3-21.
Inontus obliquus, also known as chaga, is a wood-rotting fungus that grows in the cold zone (40° to 68° north latitude). It is widely distributed in northern North America, Finland, Poland, Russia, Japan, and China. It is extremely cold-resistant. of fungi.
Inonotus obliquus mainly grows under the bark of silver birch, silver birch, elm, and alder, and can easily cause white rot of white birch, silver birch, elm, and alder. Seasonal long-term exposure to extremely low temperatures causes Inonotus obliquus to grow very slowly and form wedge-shaped sclerotia cones with a diameter of 5 to 40 cm after growing for many years. This wedge-shaped, hard cone-like process penetrates the bark of the birch tree, forming a gall-like structure and forming irregular cracks and deep fissures. The interior of the Inonotus obliquus sclerotia cone is a rusty wooden structure composed of intertwined mycelium.
Biological activity of Inonotus obliquus
1.1 Antioxidant activity
The test found that the active enzyme content of Inonotus obliquus per gram is as high as 35,000 units, which is 23 times that of Agaricus blazei, 25 times that of Hericium, 31 times that of Grifola Grifola, and 55 times that of Ganoderma lucidum. Inonotus obliquus contains many antioxidant substances such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). Therefore, if you can regularly take Inonotus obliquus, which is rich in antioxidants, it will naturally be able to effectively combat the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. BURMASOV A and others found a phenolic polymer melanin from Inonotus obliquus. Studies have shown that the melanin of Inonotus obliquus has strong antioxidant effects and gene-protecting properties, and is suitable as an anti-cancer agent. Cui Tao et al. found that Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide has a good protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced liver damage in mice, and its protective mechanism may be related to resistance to lipid peroxidation damage.
1.2 Anti-inflammatory properties
Chronic inflammation is an underlying pathogenesis of a range of diseases, including many types of cancer, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, and obesity. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is stimulated, a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines are released, including prostaglandin mediators, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO). Studies have found that birch Inonotus polysaccharide (IOP) can inhibit the induction of NO and other similar cytokines to achieve anti-inflammatory effects. Similarly, in another study on inflammatory bowel disease, it was found that Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide can inhibit the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, thereby regulating the release of helper T cell subsets, and ultimately reducing the inflammatory response. In addition, Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide has inhibitory and significant anti-inflammatory effects on hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency disease (HIV).
1.3 Antiviral and antibacterial properties
Studies have found that Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide has the effect of inhibiting a variety of viruses (feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline influenza virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and feline panleukopenia virus), and is active in all five virus subtypes. Inhibitory effects on RNA viruses and DNA viruses were observed. Inonotus obliquus has an anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) effect, and its extract can inhibit virus-induced membrane fusion, thereby combating early-stage HSV infection.
The research results show that the extract of Inonotus obliquus successfully prevents the entry of HSV-1 by acting directly on the viral glycoprotein, thereby preventing membrane fusion. Currently, the treatment for HSV infection is nucleoside analog anti-herpetic drugs. However, in response to the increasing resistance of HSV to therapeutic drugs, there is a need to develop alternative treatments, and Inonotus obliquus extract has a different mechanism of action than nucleoside analog anti-herpes drugs, thus providing an alternative treatment to overcome the virus' ongoing Increased drug resistance. In addition to this, studies have shown that Inonotus obliquus extract has antibacterial or probiotic effects. Inonotus obliquus extract stimulates the production of NO and increases phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells; Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide can regulate the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota in mice with chronic pancreatitis to reach healthy levels.
