Views: 10 Author: Zhang Lina, Jin Tieyan, Yang Xinya, etc. Publish Time: 2023-09-07 Origin: Antioxidative and anticancer properties of components and extracts of Hericium erinaceus [J]. Food Industry, 2022,43(6): 164-168.
Under normal conditions, the body is in balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation. Oxidative stress is a pathological state. When oxidative stress occurs in the body, the balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation is broken, which may lead to excessive accumulation of free radicals , Excessive free radicals can cause damage to biological macromolecules such as DNA in the body, eventually causing damage to the body and causing a series of complications. At the same time, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and poses a serious threat to human health and life. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the role of natural plant foods in anticancer activity, which has gradually become a research hotspot. Research and development of natural substances with good natural anti-oxidation and anti-cancer activities are very important to the fields of medicine and health care.
Hericium erinaceus belongs to Basidiomycota, Laminomycetes, Phyllomycetes, and Hericium erinaceus, and is a kind of saprophyte. As a higher fungus, Hericium erinaceus has been valued and loved by people since ancient times. It contains a variety of nutrients, vitamins and trace elements, and Hericium erinaceus has good medicinal effects and can be used to treat indigestion and gastric ulcer , gastritis and other digestive system diseases. In recent years, foreign studies have found that Hericium erinaceus is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, which have the activities of scavenging free radicals, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and killing cancer cells. In recent years, in the study of the functional components of Hericium erinaceus, the protective effect of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides on the stomach has attracted the most attention.
1. The content of general ingredients in Hericium erinaceus powder
Comparing the crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein content of Hericium erinaceus with the nutritional components of four edible fungi (flammulina velutipes, Hericium erinaceus, and shiitake mushrooms), it was found that compared with the other three edible fungi, the crude The contents of fat, crude protein and crude ash were relatively high.
2. Determination of total phenols and total flavonoids
Phenolic compounds are the main antioxidant active components in all natural products, which are widely found in green plants and may be the main antioxidants in plant extracts.
3. DPPH·scavenging activity
DPPH· is a stable nitrogen-centered free radical, and DPPH· has been widely used as a way to reflect the antioxidant capacity of samples. The results of different extracts of Hericium erinaceus on the clearance rate of DPPH are shown in Figure 1. As the concentration of the extract increases, its scavenging rate of DPPH free radicals increases, and there is a dose-effect relationship between the concentration and the scavenging rate. In the concentration range of the test, except the concentration of the extract was 0.5mg/mL, there was a significant difference in the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical among hot water, ethanol and VC (p<0.05). When the concentration of the extract was 0.5 mg/mL, the scavenging ability of the ethanol extract and the hot water extract was similar, and the scavenging rate was 63.4% and 58.1%, and there was no significant difference between them (p>0.05). After that, with the increase of the concentration of the sample solution, the ethanol extract always maintained a better removal effect than the hot water extract, and there was a significant gap between the removal capabilities of the two, and finally the removal rates of the two reached 94.1% and 85.1%, respectively. are at a high level.
4. ABTS+ scavenging activity
As shown in Figure 2, with the gradual increase of sample concentration, the scavenging ability of Hericium erinaceus ethanol extract and hot water extract to ABTS free radicals increased with the increase of sample concentration, and all showed significant The ability to scavenge ABTS. In the concentration range of determination, the clearance rate of Hericium erinaceus ethanol extract was always higher than that of hot water extract. At lower mass concentrations (0.10-0.05 mg/mL), there was no significant difference in the scavenging ability of ethanol extracts and hot water extracts on ABTS (p>0.05), and at higher mass concentrations (1.00-3.00 mg/mL ), there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the ethanol extract, hot water extract and the positive control, and when the mass concentration was 3.00 mg/mL, the clearance rates of the two reached 73.5% and 67.8%, respectively. At the same mass concentration, the scavenging ability of ascorbic acid to ABTS free radicals is always the highest level, and the hot water extract is always the lowest level.
5. OH-scavenging
As shown in Figure 3, Hericium erinaceus extracts all have a certain scavenging ability for OH-, and it increases with the increase of the concentration of the sample solution, that is, there is a certain dose-effect relationship with the concentration of the sample solution. In the concentration range of determination, the OH-scavenging ability of Hericium erinaceus ethanol extract is always stronger than that of hot water extract. There was no significant difference (p>0.05). When the mass concentration ranged from 1.00 to 3.00 mg/mL, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the ethanol extract, the hot water extract and the positive control, and the ascorbic acid OH- scavenging ability was always at the highest level. When the concentration of Hericium erinaceus extract was 3.00 mg/mL, the OH-scavenging rates of ascorbic acid, ethanol extract, and hot water extract were 54.9%, 46.1% and 41.7%, respectively, showing strong OH- Clearance. On the whole, the OH-scavenging ability of ascorbic acid is the best, the ethanol extract is the second, and the hot water extract is the third.
6. Evaluation of anticancer ability of Hericium erinaceus extract
As shown in Figure 4, Hericium erinaceus extracts have good inhibitory effects on HepG2, and the inhibitory effects of both solvent extracts increase with the increase of sample concentration, which is dose-dependent. When the mass concentration of the sample solution is 0.5 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of the ethanol extract and 5-FU is very close, there is no significant difference between the two (p>0.05), and the inhibition rate is significantly better than that of the hot water extract (p<0.05), when the mass concentration of the sample solution was 1.00 mg/mL, there was no significant difference between the inhibition rate of the ethanol extract and the hot water extract (p>0.05), when the mass concentration of the sample solution reached 2.00 mg/mL mL, there was a significant difference between the two again (p<0.05). On the whole, the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract on HepG2 cells is better than that of hot water extract.
7. As shown in Figure 5, when the concentration of the extract is 0.1 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract on HT29 is better than that of the hot water extract, but when the concentration of the sample solution is 0.5 mg/mL , the inhibitory effect of the hot water extract exceeded that of the ethanol extract, and was close to that of Mat. There was no significant difference between the ethanol extract and the hot water extract (p>0.05). The ethanol extracts reappeared to outperform the hot water extracts with successively higher concentrations. On the whole, the inhibitory effect of hot water extract and ethanol extract is better with the increase of extract concentration, but the growth rate gradually tends to be stable. On the whole, for the inhibitory effect of HT29 cells, the ethanol extract is better than the hot water extract.
Hericium erinaceus extract has good free radical scavenging ability on DPPH free radicals, ABTS free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals. Among the two extracts, the ethanol extract has better antioxidant capacity, which may be related to the content, type and composition ratio of phenolic substances in the extract. Hericium erinaceus extract also showed good anticancer activity. The anticancer activity has an obvious dose-effect relationship with the concentration of the extract. Except that in the test of inhibiting HT29 cells of the hot water extract, when the mass concentration was 0.5mg/mL, the inhibition rate exceeded that of the ethanol extract, and the ethanol extract showed better anticancer properties.
In summary, Hericium erinaceus has good development potential as a natural antioxidant and natural anticancer.
