Views: 1 Author: 菌物健康 Publish Time: 2022-07-25 Origin: 黄佳,王浩锦,伍强,等.灵芝活性蛋白和多肽研究进展及展望[J].菌物研究,2022,20(2):79-86.
Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese fungus in my country. It is famous for its rich active products and extensive pharmacological effects. It is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the American Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Therapeutic Compendium. The main active substances of Ganoderma lucidum include polysaccharides, triterpenes, proteins and other compounds. Ganoderma lucidum protein active products include Ganoderma lucidum protein, Ganoderma lucidum polypeptide and glycopeptide. Ganoderma lucidum protein active products have immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant and other pharmacological effects.
At present, the research on Ganoderma lucidum mainly focuses on Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenoids, while the research on protein compounds is relatively rare. However, the content of protein in Ganoderma lucidum is higher (7.52%-32.05%), much higher than that of polysaccharides (0.53%-3.05%) and triterpenoids (0.47%-1.47%). Ganoderma lucidum proteins exist in various forms, mainly including proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, lectins, glycoproteins, enzymes, etc.
Ganoderma lucidum active protein
There are many types of proteins in Ganoderma lucidum, including fungal immunomodulatory proteins, ribosome inactivating proteins, lectins, glycoproteins and enzymes. Among them, fungal immunomodulatory protein is its main active protein, which has the function of regulating human immunity. The fungal immunomodulatory proteins in Ganoderma lucidum not only have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, but also have lectin-like effects. Lectins are glycoproteins or polyvalent carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin that are capable of agglutinating cells or precipitating sugar complexes. Fungi is a major source of lectins, and a variety of lectins have been isolated from Ganoderma lucidum.
Ganoderma lucidum active peptide
Ganoderma lucidum active peptide is composed of amino acids in different compositions and arrangements. Its molecular structure is complex and diverse, as small as 2 amino acids, roughly composed of dozens of amino acids connected by peptide bonds, and has phosphorylation, glycosylation or acyl. It has various biological functions such as immune regulation, anti-tumor, blood lipid lowering, and liver protection. Ganoderma lucidum active peptides belong to the secondary metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum or Ganoderma lucidum protein hydrolyzate, which have the advantages of high efficiency, stability, low toxicity, and various physiological activities, and can be widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Ganoderma lucidum mixed polypeptides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, spore powder and fermentation broth have the functions of anti-oxidation, lowering blood sugar, protecting liver and protecting liver, lowering blood pressure and enhancing immunity.
Antioxidant Peptides
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including cancer, aging, and atherosclerosis. Ganoderma lucidum has been proven to have strong antioxidant activity and almost no side effects. Ganoderma lucidum active peptides are the main antioxidant components of Ganoderma lucidum. Studies have shown that Ganoderma lucidum active peptides inhibit lipid peroxidation through its antioxidant, metal chelating and free radical scavenging activities.
antihypertensive peptide
Ganoderma lucidum protein hydrolyzate has the effect of reducing blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats through animal experiments.
Other active peptides
Studies have shown that peptides isolated from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and mycelium can damage bacterial cell membranes and enter into cells to leak intracellular proteins, resulting in cell death, and thus have antibacterial activity. Another study showed that Ganoderma lucidum active oligopeptide also has anti-tumor activity.
Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptide
Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptide is one of the main protein active substances isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, which is composed of oligopeptide chain covalently linked by one or more polysaccharide molecules. Glycopeptides have a variety of biological functions, which may depend on oligopeptide chains, polysaccharide molecular moieties, or co-influences. Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptides have immunomodulatory effects; antioxidant, hypolipidemic effects; antitumor effects, etc.
