Views: 5 Author: 新媒体部 科微学术 Publish Time: 2023-07-04 Origin: 科微学术
Ever since we were children, reading fairy tales about Snow White passing out after eating a big red apple from the queen, we've developed a psychological resistance to brightly colored food. However, brightly colored fruits are often delicious, such as mango, dragon fruit, lychee, bayberry, etc. So what difference does it make when the mushrooms are brightly colored? Can it be used as a standard for judging whether mushrooms are poisonous?
The answer is of course no, you can't tell if a mushroom is poisonous by its color.
12 Types of Amanitin-Containing Mushrooms：a ：致命鹅膏（Amanita exitialis）；b ：灰花纹鹅膏（A. fuliginea）；c ：黄盖鹅膏（A. subjunquillea）；d ：裂皮鹅膏（A. rimosa）；e ：淡红鹅膏（A. pallidorosea）；f ：假淡红鹅膏（A. subpallidorosea）；g ：鳞柄白鹅膏（A. virosa）；h ：纹缘盔孢菌（Galerina marginata）；i ：条盖盔孢菌（G. sulciceps）；j ：肉褐鳞环柄菇（Lepiota brunneoincarnata）；k ：亚毒环柄菇（L. subvenenata）；l ：毒环柄菇（L. venenata） | 中华急诊医学杂志 2020年2月第29卷第2期171-179
Some Edible, Medicinal and Poisonous Russula Species in China：A：密褶红菇（药用，有毒）；B：诱吐红菇（药用，有毒）；C：非白红菇（食用）；D：臭红菇（药用，有毒）；E：绵粒红菇（食用）；F：可爱红菇（药用，有毒）；G：灰肉红菇（食用，药用）；H：厚皮红菇（食用）；I：臭味红菇（食用）；J：黄白红菇；K：青黄红菇（食用）；L：沼泽红菇（食用）. 标尺=1cm；图片A、C、D、E、F、H、I、J、K、L 引自李国杰 2014；图片B 由李国杰提供；图片G 由陈新华提供. | 菌物学报. 2015, 34(5): 821-848
Because the color of the mushroom is very rich, colorful, everything that one expects to find. The same goes for poisonous mushrooms, there are bright red amanitas, and deadly amanitas that are white as jade. Taking Russulaceae as an example, it is impossible to distinguish poisonous from non-toxic by color.
Representative edible fungi in Russulaceae：A：云南市场上多种红菇科真菌混合出售的场景，内有红汁乳菇、稀褶茸多汁乳菇、假稀褶多汁乳菇和变绿红菇；B：松乳菇；C：云杉乳菇；D：红汁乳菇；E：黄褐乳菇；F：香亚环乳菇；G：假稀褶多汁乳菇；H：薄囊体多汁乳菇；I：多变多汁乳菇；J：蓝黄红菇；K：致密红菇近似种；L：密褶红菇近似种；M：灰肉红菇；N：灰肉红菇近似种；O：变绿红菇 | 菌物学报. 2020, 39(9): 1617-1639
Representative poisonous fungus and prudent species in Russulaceae：A：毛头乳菇；B：窝柄黄乳菇；C：毛脚乳菇；D：蜡蘑状乳菇；E：红褐乳菇；F：近毛脚乳菇；G：橄榄褐乳菇；H：欧姆斯乳菇；I：堇紫乳菇；J：日本红菇（李海蛟拍摄）；K：近似诱吐红菇；L：亚稀褶红菇（陈作红拍摄） | 菌物学报. 2020, 39(9): 1617-1639
Types of highly poisonous mushrooms in China：A：灰花纹鹅膏；B：致命鹅膏；C：黄盖鹅膏白色变种；D：拟灰花纹鹅膏；E：淡红鹅膏；F：裂皮鹅膏；G：黄盖鹅膏；H：假褐云斑鹅膏近似种；I：条盖盔孢伞；J：毒沟褶菌；K：亚黑红菇（图片A、B、C、H、I、K引自Chen et al. 2014；图片D、E、F引自Zhang et al. 2010；图片J引自Yang et al. 2012；图片G由张平提供）. | 菌物学报. 2014, 33(3): 493‐516
The folklore that "brightly colored mushrooms are poisonous" is also wrong. For example, gray amanitas with gray patterns, amanitas with pseudo-gray patterns and white deadly amanitas and cracked-skinned amanitas are highly toxic types; while yellow chanterelles, pseudo-orange-capped amanitas and some brightly colored russula The species is a delicious edible fungus.
